To get involved in global standards-setting, reach out to organizations such as the International Society for Automation and the International Electrotechnical Commission, which has established the IEC-62443 series of multi-industry cybersecurity standards for industrial automation and control systems (IACS).33 A set of commonly accepted OT standards is being developed because while most IT systems allow the user to deploy a wide variety of software, OT devices and systems may not be compatible with other software systems. Security in device controllers is often overlooked as it is mostly isolated and tied to the infrastructure. The drawback in the devices using end to end communication is difficult to create due to heteromerous peers. Taken together, all of these factors spell increased vulnerability. As can be seen from the table, there is a rising volume and sophistication of the attacks on the infrastructure services and the need to safeguard the equipment, data becomes critical (Lathrop et al., 2016; Kimani et al., 2019). The virus was meant to disrupt those functions in the plant. Its also one of the most frequently attacked, with consequences that could potentially reach far beyond the power sector.1. A study of 20 electric and gas utilities in North America revealed that the utilities had on average 3,647 total active suppliers, 39 strategic relationships, and 140 suppliers that accounted for 80 percent of their total external spend.29 Companies may be unable to get access to some suppliers, and some suppliers may be unable or unwilling to adopt secure practices. To further explore this threat, figure 3 examines three recent cyberattacks that originated in the supply chain and impacted the power sector. In particular, there must be separation between a nuclear plant's business systems, which are connected to the Internet, and any digital systems involved in reactor operations. The US Department of Homeland Security, Department of Energy (DOE), and intelligence agencies are seeking to enhance coordination and accelerate sharing of actionable intelligence on cyberthreats and vulnerabilities with the industry.41. 1-6). One of the most challenging vulnerabilities to address is cyber supply chain risk, given the increasingly far-flung and complex nature of the supply chain. (ZDNet) retrieved 06 12, 2017, from http://www.zdnet.com/blog/security/stuxnet-attackers-used-4-windows-zero-day-exploits/7347, Nelson, N. (2016). Flow guard: building robust firewalls for software-defined networks. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 59(3):11831190, Sha K, Wei W, Yang A, Shi W (2016) Security in the internet of things: opportunities and challenges. However, the machine learning algorithmic methods require huge data sets and are most central to the environment and hence is a drawback for deployment in small Edge environments. Since each of these devices communicates with the IoT devices in the household, the information processed can be done locally (Rennie, 2019). Industrial Control system attacks in the energy sector have witnessed a surge in recent times (Wilhoit et al., 2013; Dasgupta et al., 2017). Many countries have launched information sharing and analysis centers (ISACs), such as the E-ISAC managed by the NERC. Figure5 shows Device-Centric Edge security for Virtual Power Plant based on EdgeSec Model. Hack on Saudi Aramco hit 30,000 workstations, oil firm admits - First hacktivist-style assault to use malware? Figure7 and Fig. (2014). Therefore, it is possible to offload a few resource-hungry tasks to the new edge layer, thereby reducing the impact on resource-constrained resources. (2013). In the United States, cyber security at nuclear facilities is receiving increased attention from regulators, plant operators and technical experts. (2015). Power companies have long been aware of growing cyber risk, and were one of the first industries to respond, with requirements to implement cybersecurity controls through the North American Electric Reliability Corporations Critical Infrastructure Protection (NERC-CIP) standards, initiated in 2007. Potential consequences that could either directly or indirectly result from a compromise of the system. The SCADA system can remotely monitor and control the system over a large area, such as gas/oil pipelines and power transmission systems and an ICS includes all types of industrial automation systems, including distributed control systems (DCSs), which distribute control unit's sub-facilities into unit groups. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2019.2911697, Chen M, Hao Y, Gharavi H, Leung V (2019) Cognitive information measurements: a new perspective. SANS. Robust solution of implementing cyber security for hydropower control All of these factors combine to make unidirectional gateway technology a cyber security solution that is becoming very important in hydropower generation. and cognitive computing (Chen et al., 2019) has paved the way for applying mathematical tools to improve processes and efficiency, which are popularly termed as Edge Intelligence (Zhou et al., 2019; Rausch & Dustdar, 2019). (Chen et al., 2018a, b, c; Chen et al., 2018a, b, c). See Terms of Use for more information. Data privacy takes precedence and requires stringent policies, monitoring and protection. The SCADA system serves as a security gateway that allows or restricts the flow of information between the plant and inverter networks. Learn about the latest developments on the GE side in the areas of safety, quality and on-time execution, and how you can proactively plan your outages to run as smoothly as possible. Retrieved 06 11, 2017, from https://www.langner.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/to-kill-a-centrifuge.pdf, Lathrop AJ, Stanisz HM (2016) Hackers are after more than just data: will your company property policies respond when cyberattacks cause physical damage and shut down operations? (Washington post) retrieved 06 12, 2017, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-israel-developed-computer-virus-to-slow-iranian-nuclear-efforts-officials-say/2012/06/19/gJQA6xBPoV_story.html, Nakashima, E., Warrick, J. Though there are several Edge-based privacy protection techniques, the Edge protocols applied may, in turn, start to track the data and may have vested interests. Correspondence to Symantec, Symantec Corp. (2014). Today, most power companies have little control over what suppliers are doing; theyre just beginning to make suppliers more aware and accountable, and to demand supplier integrity. In this way, security can effectively be managed by deploying Edge. With topics ranging from transportation and buildings to agriculture and education, there are conversations in this next season that you don't want to miss! present a survey on using data mining and machine learning techniques as methods for intrusion detection. With numerous VPP devices connected in a network, the prosumers/consumers access to generation, transmission & distribution of energy and data using terminal devices is imminent. In Cyberattack on Saudi Firm, U.S. Sees Iran Firing Back. (Symantec Labs) retrieved 06 08, 2017, from https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/shamoon-multi-staged-destructive-attacks-limited-specific-targets, Tao X, Ota K, Dong M, Qi H, Li K (2017) Performance guaranteed computation offloading for mobile edge cloud computing. Cybersecurity Infrastructure Changes and Interagency Interfaces This will also help enhance consumers with improving capabilities, reporting and managing infrastructure. It was a targeted multi-stage attack. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2677520, Mach P, Becavar Z (2017) Mobile edge computing a survey on architecture and computation offloading. The consumers/prosumers who generate, distribute and access data incorporate additional endpoint security. And, as they increasingly automate functions, the impact of an attack is potentially magnified. IEEE Transaction on Services Computing 11(3):549561. Figure4 provides a brief overview of user-centric VPP security architecture. For energy and utilities, cybersecurity is more essential every day. However, as the Edge is still in its infancy stage, security is still a long way to go (Sha et al., 2016). Int J Crit Infrastruct Prot 25:3649. Internet security threat report. Studies have been carried out using Isolation techniques, but it remains to be seen how to implement the techniques in the edge layer effectively. There are several steps that companies can take to address cyber risk, particularly in the supply chain. Primary Areas of Expertise (But not limited to) IT support, cyber security, services, systems and applications, network architecture and design, IT compliance/auditing, operating systems, electric . Most prosumers in a virtual power plant are small-time operators and cannot support huge firewalls or necessary infrastructure to support them. Here are just a few things that need to be considered. Symantec Labs, Symantec. He is additionally responsible for the Risk Advisory practice across Western Canada. To manage cyber risk in the electric power supply chain, consider starting by engaging the supply chain procurement function. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2556011, Kaspersky Corp. (2011). Considering the virtual power plant environment, these machines need to be simple, light and should meet the requirements of the prosumers. Edge intelligence: paving the last mile of artificial intelligence with edge computing. View in article, Stockton, Securing critical supply chains. View in article, The European Commission, The EU cybersecurity certification framework, August 22, 2018. Virtual Power Plants (VPP), Smart Grids (S.G.). Recent technological advancements have aided cybercriminals to disrupt operations by carrying out deliberate attacks on the energy sector. IEEE Commun Mag 53(4):176186. MathSciNet Flame: world's most complex computer virus exposed. 2012 4th International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems (INCoS) (pp. The threat is now becoming even more insidious, with reports of hackers tied to nation-states and organized crime trying to burrow their way into utility ICS, seeking to learn how systems operate, and positioning themselves to control critical physical assets, such as power plants, substations, transmission, and distribution networks, and to potentially disrupt or destroy them. Haddadi et al., in their research paper on SIOTOME, illustrate Edge-based architecture for IoT security. The. Power companies are among the most frequently attacked targets, increasingly by nation-state actors aiming for disruption and even destruction through ICS. This multiplies financial damage exponentially, making cybersecurity for energy and utilities many times as valuable. BELDEN. The advancement of new technologies in computing like edge computing has resulted in researching edge-based security systems for virtual power plants and distributed generators. 5G communication technologies are said to noted to have privacy issues in a centralised environment (Cai et al., 2019; Cai & Zheng, 2019; Tian et al., 2019), leading researchers to suggest distributed control methods (Chen et al., 2018a, b, c; Cai & He, 2019; Huang et al., 2019). Detailed Threat Analysis of Shamoon 2.0 Malware. Even a brief attack can have real-world impacts on OT systems and plant assets. As more and more DER systems integrate, the data must be processed balloons, requiring more processing power. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-021-00139-7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-021-00139-7. NW Washington, D.C. 20057, Integrated Cyber-Physical Impact Analysis, US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energys (DOE-NE) mission, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), The Seven Deadly Sins of Biomedical Research, A Technological Fix: The Adoption of Chinese Public Security Systems, Cyberattacks and the Russian War in Ukraine: The Role of NATO and Risks of Escalation, Safety-related and important-to-safety functions, Support systems and equipment important to safety and security. View in article, Woods and Bochman, Supply chain in the software era. View in article, North American Electric Reliability Corporation, GridEx, accessed November 6, 2018; Electric Infrastructure Security Council, EarthEx 2017, August 22, 2018. Retrieved 06 09, 2017, from http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-28106478, Bekara, C. (2014). Privacy-preserving out-sourced media search using secure sparse ternary codes. View in article, Blake Sobczak, Attack on natural gas network shows rising cyberthreat, E&E News, April 6, 2018. Due to this huge demand for processing on the edge nodes, edge computing applies the A.I. 357-362). Proficy Smart Factory: Cloud OEE, Cloud Production Management & Cloud Quality. The availability of the information in this makes a vital difference. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, pp 18, Sanger, D.E. Energy Informatics For example, Siemens has joined hands with the Munich Security Conference and other governmental and business partners (including global power companies AES Corporation and Enel SpA) to launch the Charter of Trust initiative.36 The initiative calls for binding rules and standards to ensure cybersecurity and advance digitalization. Ltd. for their research support; and Sharon Chand,Michael Prokop, Brad Singletary, Nick Sikorski, and Steve Batson of Deloitte US; Adam Crawford of Deloitte Canada; and Charlie Hosner and Dave Clemente of Deloitte UK for sharing their cybersecurity expertise. Retrieved from linkedin.com, Roman R, Rios R, Onieva J, Lopez J (2018) The immune system for the internet of things using edge technologies. The ease of adaptability to the changing scenarios could make a huge difference. To further manage both supply chain and enterprise cyber risk, consider going beyond individual enterprise efforts. The threat actors multiply manifold due to the different RTUs and SCADA gadgets. (CNN) retrieved 06 12, 2017, from http://edition.cnn.com/2015/06/22/politics/lot-polish-airlines-hackers-ground-planes/index.html, Rennie, M. (2019). Cultivating a sustainable and prosperous future, Real-world client stories of purpose and impact, Key opportunities, trends, and challenges, Go straight to smart with daily updates on your mobile device, See what's happening this week and the impact on your business. Section 3 discusses at length the proposed Edge-based solutions towards enhancing security in virtual power plants. Investigation revealed that the attack, which was foiled only by a bug in the computer code, was likely intended to cause an explosion that could have killed and injured people.12. Simply select text and choose how to share it: Managing cyber risk in the electric power sector Virtual machines have found widespread use in many areas, and it is being researched in the application of the Edge layer. Many countries across the globe have classified electrical infrastructure as critical to a functioning society. They may touch diverse departments, including supply and procurement, corporate information security, cloud and infrastructure, legal, IT, and OT. (ZDNet) retrieved 06 12, 2017, from http://www.zdnet.com/news/report-us-airtraffic-control-systems-hacked/300164, Montero D (2015) Virtualised security at the network edge: a user-centric approach. Some also conduct supplier risk assessments and provide ongoing third-party threat intelligence. The additional aspect could be on the personal security of the data on the network edge (Montero et al., 2016) and the virtual guard in Edge (Montero, 2015). (T. Micro, producer) retrieved 08 04, 2019, from trend Micro: https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/hk-en/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/new-version-of-disk-wiping-shamoon-disttrack-spotted-what-you-need-to-know, Tsai H (2012) Treat as a service: Virtualisations impact on cloud security. Lu et al., in their paper on privacy protection, suggest a method to keep the privacy intact by using a lightweight privacy-preserving data aggregation scheme for IoT devices. This separation provides protection from many cyber . (Brook, 2018). Cybersecurity challenges in energy sector (virtual power plants) - can edge computing principles be applied to enhance security? Backgrounder on Cyber Security. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214688, Poulsen, K. (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.02.040, Article This also poses a challenge for response time to potential safety risks to minimise damages caused towards the equipment etc. Most CISOs have no control over the enterprises supply chain, and may have little access to supply chain cyber risk intelligence. Cyber Security in Nuclear Power Plants 2 | 15 Abstract This report provides a brief overview of legacy instrumentation and control in nuclear power plants, describes the state-of-the-art and currently developing technologies, and provides some insight into past, present, and future cybersecurity issues both with nuclear power plants and with 3rd Workshop on hot topics in software-defined networking. The user is verified using RVA techniques to ensure trust between the prosumer. to receive more business insights, analysis, and perspectives from Deloitte Insights, Telecommunications, Media & Entertainment, U.S. government accused Russia of hacking into energy infrastructure, Expert sees extreme uptick in cyberattacks on utilities, Cybercrime groups and nation-state attackers blur together, Data thieves: The motivations of cyber threat actors and their use and monetization of stolen data, A cyberattack in Saudi Arabia had a deadly goal. Viewing offline content Limited functionality available Dismiss Services What's New Investigators suggest that although this malware is not highly scalable, the method of attack provides a blueprint for those seeking to corrupt similar equipment elsewhere in the world.15. To Kill a Centrifuge - Technical Analysis of What Stuxnet's Creators tried to Achieve. Please see www.deloitte.com/about to learn more about our global network of member firms. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 15(12):64926499. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2015.2494502, Cai Z, He Z (2019) Trading private range counting over big IoT data. The firewall policies are converted into flow policies. The second aspect is that the consumer may not be aware of the security or have enough knowledge to manage the infrastructure, thereby resulting in potential risk effectively. This problem technically can be addressed by using distributed energy networks and effectively exercise control through a VPP operator. IEEE Access 4:17431766. Energy Inform 4, 5 (2021). 323-328). (IJEEP, Ed.). It urges business and trade partners to deploy more robust identification procedures for network access, increase the use of encryption and firewalls, engage in constant monitoring and anti-virus protection, and use international standards, such as IEC 62443.37, Several certification efforts are also underway. Int J Energy Econ Policy 7(5):250262 Retrieved from www.econjournals.com, Venkatachary SK, Prasad J, Samikannu R (2018a) A critical review of cyber security and cyber terrorism - threats to critical infrastructure in the energy sector. The incoming and the outgoing traffic out of the individual prosumers/consumers are examined and later allowed or disallowed. When considering the security aspects, significant concerns arise. End to end IoT security middleware for cloud-fog communication. In a particularly disturbing ICS-targeted attack in 2017, avirus called Trisis or Triton penetrated the safety systems of a Saudi petrochemical plant. Comput J 61(4):545560. (2014). View in article, Cyber GRX, CyberGRX is transforming third-party cyber risk management, accessed October 2018. The credentials obtained are then reauthenticated using a mutual authenticator using a symmetric key-based algorithm (Sha et al., 2014; Sha et al., 2017). doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/iNCoS.2012.48, Gentry, C. (2009). Most of these systems will also be using intelligent control systems, distributed intelligence employing A.I. The advancement of technology has also led to research on edge computing for processing information and control. How criminals are exploiting the coronavirus outbreak. Cybersecurity for power plants faces a complex web of risk surrounding the sector. Defending Against the Dragonfly Cyber Security Attacks. Figure 1 illustrates the variety of adversaries that may threaten electric grids, and the perceived severity of the threat and impact in the United States. (Yaseen et al., 2016). The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) first included cyber requirements in the early 2000s and later issued the 10 CFR 73.54 Cyber Security Rule. The figure below is NTI's ranking of each country with respect to their cyber security using a Nuclear Security Index between 1 and 4, with 4 being the highest security. Real-time network policy checking using header space analysis. Secondly, signature-based algorithms can only be employed in the traditional authentication mechanism, making it difficult to apply in virtual power plant areas. 48th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS'07) (pp. An attack is potentially magnified admits - First hacktivist-style assault to use malware explore this,! 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